Swine Flu: Symptoms, Vaccine, Treatment, Causes & Pregnancy Patient Comments: Swine Flu - Symptoms and Signs - Viewers Share Their Medical Experiences.
What Is the Treatment for Flu in Adults? What treatments and medications helped to alleviate your flu symptoms? View 2. Swine Flu; Cold and Flu. The symptoms of flu usually develop within one to three days of becoming infected. Most people will feel better within a week.
Wikipedia. The 2. H1. N1 influenza virus (the first of them being the 1. First described in April 2. H1. N1 which resulted when a previous triple reassortment of bird, swine and human flu viruses further combined with a Eurasian pig flu virus,[2] leading to the term "swine flu".[3]Unlike most strains of influenza, H1. N1 does not disproportionately infect adults older than 6.
Information about swine flu and the potential threat it poses. Advice about swine flu. What is swine flu and what are the symptoms? Swine Flu in Pediatrics to Adults Gupta S.N.*. because most symptoms are the same. To test for swine flu, the doctor takes a sample from secretions. What To Do If You Get Sick. Adults 65 years of age. If you get sick with flu symptoms and are at high risk of flu complications or you are.
H1. N1 pandemic.[4] Even in the case of previously very healthy people, a small percentage will develop pneumonia or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). This manifests itself as increased breathing difficulty and typically occurs 3–6 days after initial onset of flu symptoms.[5][6] The pneumonia caused by flu can be either direct viral pneumonia or a secondary bacterial pneumonia. In fact, a November 2. New England Journal of Medicine article recommends that flu patients whose chest X- ray indicates pneumonia receive both antivirals and antibiotics.[7] In particular, it is a warning sign if a child (and presumably an adult) seems to be getting better and then relapses with high fever, as this relapse may be bacterial pneumonia.[8]History[edit]Initially called an "outbreak", widespread H1. N1 infection was first recognized in the state of Veracruz, Mexico, with evidence that the virus had been present for months before it was officially called an "epidemic".[9] The Mexican government closed most of Mexico City's public and private facilities in an attempt to contain the spread of the virus; however, it continued to spread globally, and clinics in some areas were overwhelmed by infected people.
In late April the World Health Organization (WHO) declared its first ever "public health emergency of international concern," or PHEIC,[1. June the WHO and the U. S. CDC stopped counting cases and declared the outbreak a pandemic.[1. Despite being informally called "swine flu", the H1. N1 flu virus cannot be spread by eating pork or pork products; [1. Symptoms usually last 4–6 days.[1.
Antivirals (oseltamivir or zanamivir) were recommended for those with more severe symptoms or those in an at- risk group.[1. The pandemic began to taper off in November 2. May 2. 01. 0, the number of cases was in steep decline.[1. On 1. 0 August 2. Director- General of the WHO, Margaret Chan, announced the end of the H1. N1 pandemic,[2. 2] and announced that the H1. N1 influenza event has moved into the post- pandemic period.[2.
According to the latest WHO statistics (as of July 2. April 2. 00. 9, however they state that the total mortality (including deaths unconfirmed or unreported) from the H1. N1 strain is "unquestionably higher".[1. Critics claimed the WHO had exaggerated the danger, spreading "fear and confusion" rather than "immediate information".[2. The WHO began an investigation to determine[2. A flu follow- up study done in September 2. In an 5 August 2.
Learn more about symptoms of the flu and what you might. especially adults. How are flu symptoms different from symptoms with. Swine flu symptoms;. Do you know how you might feel with flu symptoms? Learn more about the symptoms of flu from WebMD and what to expect. Symptoms of H1N1 (Swine Flu). about the symptoms of swine flu infections and what to do if you get sick. In adults, emergency warning.
PLo. S ONE article, researchers estimated that the 2. H1. N1 global infection rate was 1. However, by 2. 01. The majority of these deaths occurred in Africa and Southeast Asia. Experts, including the WHO, have agreed that an estimated 2. Classification[edit]The initial outbreak was called the "H1.
N1 influenza", or "Swine Flu" by American media. It is called the pandemic H1. N1/0. 9 virus by the WHO,[3. U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention refer to it as "novel influenza A (H1. N1)" or "2. 00. 9 H1. N1 flu".[3. 3] In the Netherlands, it was originally called "Pig Flu", but is now called "New Influenza A (H1. N1)" by the national health institute, although the media and general population use the name "Mexican Flu".
South Korea and Israel briefly considered calling it the "Mexican virus".[3. Later, the South Korean press used "SI", short for "swine influenza". Taiwan suggested the names "H1. N1 flu" or "new flu", which most local media adopted.[3. The World Organization for Animal Health proposed the name "North American influenza".[3. The European Commission adopted the term "novel flu virus".[3.
Signs and symptoms[edit]The symptoms of H1. N1 flu are similar to those of other influenzas, and may include fever, cough (typically a "dry cough"), headache, muscle or joint pain, sore throat, chills, fatigue, and runny nose. Diarrhea, vomiting, and neurological problems have also been reported in some cases.[3. People at higher risk of serious complications include those aged over 6. HIV).[4. 1] More than 7. U. S. have been people with such underlying conditions, according to the CDC.[4. In September 2. 00.
CDC reported that the H1. N1 flu "seems to be taking a heavier toll among chronically ill children than the seasonal flu usually does."[8] Through 8 August 2. CDC had received 3. H1. N1 from state and local health authorities within the United States, with 2.
Children with nerve and muscle problems may be at especially high risk for complications because they cannot cough hard enough to clear their airways".[8] From 2. April 2. 00. 9, to 1.
February 2. 01. 0, the CDC had received reports of the deaths of 2. A (H1. N1) within the United States.[4. Severe cases[edit]The World Health Organization reports that the clinical picture in severe cases is strikingly different from the disease pattern seen during epidemics of seasonal influenza. While people with certain underlying medical conditions are known to be at increased risk, many severe cases occur in previously healthy people.
In severe cases, patients generally begin to deteriorate around three to five days after symptom onset. Deterioration is rapid, with many patients progressing to respiratory failure within 2. Upon admission, most patients need immediate respiratory support with mechanical ventilation.[4. Research later indicated that the severe flu effects in healthy young and middle- aged adults are caused by an excessive immune response.[4. Complications[edit]Most complications have occurred among previously healthy individuals, with obesity and respiratory disease as the strongest risk factors. Pulmonary complications are common.
Primary influenza pneumonia occurs most commonly in adults and may progress rapidly to acute lung injury requiring mechanical ventilation. Secondary bacterial infection is more common in children. Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin- resistant strains, is an important cause of secondary bacterial pneumonia with a high mortality rate; streptococcus pneumoniae is the second most important cause of secondary bacterial pneumonia for children and primary for adults. Neuromuscular and cardiac complications are unusual but may occur.[4. A United Kingdom investigation of risk factors for hospitalisation and poor outcome with pandemic A/H1.
N1 influenza looked at 6. May through September 2. Non- white and pregnant patients were over- represented.
Of 3. 49 with documented chest x- rays on admission, 2. Multivariate analyses showed that physician- recorded obesity on admission and pulmonary conditions other than asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were associated with a severe outcome, as were radiologically confirmed pneumonia and a raised C- reactive protein (CRP) level (≥1.
Fulminant (sudden- onset) myocarditis has been linked to infection with H1. N1, with at least four cases of myocarditis confirmed in patients also infected with A/H1. N1. Three out of the four cases of H1.
N1- associated myocarditis were classified as fulminant, and one of the patients died.[4. Also, there appears to be a link between severe A/H1. N1 influenza infection and pulmonary embolism. In one report, five out of 1. A/H1. N1 infection were found to have pulmonary emboli.[5. An article published in JAMA in September 2. Researchers found that about 1.
H1. N1 swine flu strain were hospitalised within 3. H1. N1 and 3. 1% with an H3. N2 virus.[2. 8]Diagnosis[edit]Confirmed diagnosis of pandemic H1. N1 flu requires testing of a nasopharyngeal, nasal or oropharyngeal tissue swab from the patient.[5. Real- time. RT- PCR is the recommended test as others are unable to differentiate between pandemic H1. N1 and regular seasonal flu.[5. However, most people with flu symptoms do not need a test for pandemic H1.
N1 flu specifically, because the test results usually do not affect the recommended course of treatment.[5. The U. S. CDC recommend testing only for people who are hospitalized with suspected flu, pregnant women and people with weakened immune systems.[5. For the mere diagnosis of influenza and not pandemic H1. N1 flu specifically, more widely available tests include rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDT), which yield results in about 3.
DFA and IFA), which take 2–4 hours.[5. Due to the high rate of RIDT false negatives, the CDC advises that patients with illnesses compatible with novel influenza A (H1. N1) virus infection but with negative RIDT results should be treated empirically based on the level of clinical suspicion, underlying medical conditions, severity of illness and risk for complications, and if a more definitive determination of infection with influenza virus is required, testing with r. RT- PCR or virus isolation should be performed.[5.
Rhonda Medows of the Georgia Department of Community Health states that the rapid tests are incorrect anywhere from 3. The use of RIDTs has also been questioned by researcher Paul Schreckenberger of the Loyola University Health System, who suggests that rapid tests may actually pose a dangerous public health risk.[5. Nikki Shindo of the WHO has expressed regret at reports of treatment being delayed by waiting for H1. N1 test results and suggests, "[D]octors should not wait for the laboratory confirmation but make diagnosis based on clinical and epidemiological backgrounds and start treatment early".[5. On 2. 2 June 2. 01. CDC announced a new test called the "CDC Influenza 2. A (H1. N1)pdm Real- Time RT- PCR Panel (IVD)".
It uses a molecular biology technique to detect influenza A viruses and specifically the 2. H1. N1 virus. The new test will replace the previous real- time RT- PCR diagnostic test used during the 2.
Swine flu (H1. N1 flu) Symptoms. H1. N1 flu signs and symptoms in humans are similar to those of other flu strains: Fever (but not always)Cough. Sore throat. Runny or stuffy nose. Watery, red eyes.
Body aches. Headache. Fatigue. Diarrhea.
Nausea and vomiting. H1. N1 flu symptoms develop about one to three days after you're exposed to the virus. When to see a doctor. It's not necessary to see a doctor if you're generally healthy and develop flu signs and symptoms, such as fever, cough and body aches.
Call your doctor, however, if you have flu symptoms and you're pregnant or you have a chronic disease, such as asthma, emphysema, diabetes or a heart condition, because you have a higher risk of complications from the flu. Aug. 1. 3, 2. 01.
Key facts about human infections with variant viruses (swine origin influenza viruses in humans). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed May 3. 1, 2. Thorner AR. Epidemiology of pandemic H1. N1 influenza ('swine influenza'). Accessed May 2. 7, 2.
What you should know for the 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Accessed May 3. 1, 2. Bennett JE, et al. Influenza (including avian and swine influenza). In: Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. Philadelphia, Pa.: Saunders Elsevier; 2. Accessed May 2. 7, 2.
The flu: What to do if you get sick. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed May 3. 1, 2. Thorner AR. Treatment and prevention of pandemic H1.
N1 influenza ('swine influenza'). Accessed May 2. 7, 2. Jefferson T, et al. Neuraminidase inhibitors for preventing and treating influenza in healthy adults and children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. CD0. 08. 96. 5. pub.
Accessed May 2. 7, 2. A guide to safe use of pain medicine. U. S. Food and Drug Administration. For. Consumers/Consumer. Updates/ucm. 09. 56.
Accessed May 3. 1, 2. Live attenuated influenza vaccine [LAIV] (The nasal spray vaccine).
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Accessed May 2. 7, 2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, et al. Prevention and control of influenza with vaccines: Recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices, United States, 2.
MMWR. 2. 01. 5; 6. Accessed Aug. 1. 0, 2.